1.供给侧结构性改革

supply-side structural reform

我们提出并贯彻新发展理念，着力推进高质量发展，推动构建新发展格局，实施供给侧结构性改革，制定一系列具有全局性意义的区域重大战略，我国经济实力实现历史性跃升。

We have put forward and applied a new development philosophy, worked hard to promote high-quality development, and pushed to foster a new pattern of development. We have carried out supply-side structural reform, formulated a series of major regional strategies important to China’s overall development, and brought about a historic rise in China’s economic strength. （摘自《二十大报告》）

2.推进科技自立自强

build our self-reliance and strength in science and technology

我们加快推进科技自立自强，全社会研发经费支出从一万亿元增加到二万八千亿元，居世界第二位，研发人员总量居世界首位。

We have accelerated efforts to build our self-reliance and strength in science and technology, with nationwide R&D spending rising from 1 trillion yuan to 2.8 trillion yuan, the second highest in the world. Our country is now home to the largest cohort of R&D personnel in the world.（摘自《二十大报告》）

3.基础研究和原始创新不断加强

grew stronger in basic research and original innovation

基础研究和原始创新不断加强，一些关键核心技术实现突破，战略性新兴产业发展壮大。

We have grown stronger in basic research and original innovation, made breakthroughs in some core technologies in key fields, and boosted emerging strategic industries.（摘自《二十大报告》）

4.敢于突进深水区，敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，敢于面对新矛盾新挑战

dare to brave uncharted waters, take on tough problems, navigate potential dangers, and face new issues and challenges

我们以巨大的政治勇气全面深化改革，打响改革攻坚战，加强改革顶层设计，敢于突进深水区，敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，敢于面对新矛盾新挑战 。

We have comprehensively deepened reform with tremendous political courage. We have carried out critical tasks and enhanced top-level design for reform. We have dared to brave uncharted waters, take on tough problems, navigate potential dangers, and face new issues and challenges. （摘自《二十大报告》）